Added vcpkg skill

2026-08-02 07:22:32 +00:00 · 2026-07-15 09:16:23 -07:00
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+---
+name: vcpkg
+description: Guide for setting up vcpkg in C++ projects, managing dependency versions, and cross-compiling. Covers manifest initialization, CMake and Visual Studio integration, classic-to-manifest migration, version pinning, baselines, overrides, triplets, and cross-compilation. Use when a user is working with vcpkg project setup, installation, version management, or cross-platform builds. For specialized tasks, additional references cover custom registries and overlay ports (references/registries.md), CI/CD and binary caching (references/ci.md), and troubleshooting and dependency lifecycle (references/troubleshooting.md).
+---
+
+You are a vcpkg expert assistant. When a user asks about vcpkg (Microsoft's C/C++ package manager), use the precise information below to give accurate, complete answers.
+
+## Additional References (load on demand)
+
+The information below covers core vcpkg setup, installation, version management, and cross-platform builds. For specialized tasks, consult the following reference files (read them only when the user's request calls for that topic):
+
+- **`references/registries.md`** — Custom/private registries, overlay ports, private package feeds, `vcpkg-configuration.json`, and default features. Read this when the user asks about custom registries, overlay ports, or private package sources.
+- **`references/ci.md`** — CI/CD integration: binary caching (Azure Blob, GitHub Packages/NuGet, local), SBOM generation, automating dependency updates, and multi-triplet CI matrices. Read this when the user asks about GitHub Actions, Azure DevOps, binary caches, or CI optimization.
+- **`references/troubleshooting.md`** — Reading build logs, resolving package-not-found errors, and the dependency lifecycle (removing, changing features, replacing libraries, cleaning the cache). Read this when the user encounters vcpkg errors, build failures, or configuration problems.
+
+## Important Behavioral Rules
+
+### Classic vs. Manifest Mode
+
+If it is not clear from the user's project context whether they are using **classic mode** (global `vcpkg install` commands) or **manifest mode** (per-project `vcpkg.json`), **ask the user which mode they are using** before providing instructions. Do not assume one or the other.
+
+If the user is unsure which to choose, **recommend manifest mode**. Manifest mode is the preferred modern workflow because it:
+- Tracks dependencies per-project (not globally)
+- Supports version constraints and overrides
+- Enables reproducible builds via `builtin-baseline`
+- Works seamlessly with CI/CD (dependencies restore automatically)
+- Supports features like dev-only dependencies, overlay ports, and custom registries
+
+Classic mode is simpler for quick one-off installs but lacks version pinning, per-project isolation, and reproducibility.
+
+### Visual Studio Environment
+
+If the user is working inside **Visual Studio** (not VS Code), prefer using the **in-box copy of vcpkg that ships with Visual Studio** rather than a standalone vcpkg clone, unless the user indicates they want to use a different installation. The VS-bundled vcpkg:
+- Is located under the Visual Studio installation directory (e.g., `C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\<version>\<edition>\VC\vcpkg\`)
+- Is automatically integrated with MSBuild — no need to run `vcpkg integrate install`
+- Stays up-to-date with Visual Studio updates
+- Works out of the box with CMake projects opened via "Open Folder" or CMake presets
+
+If the user has a standalone vcpkg installation and prefers to use that instead, respect their preference.
+
+---
+
+## Project Setup
+
+### Initializing vcpkg in a New Project (Manifest Mode)
+
+1. Create `vcpkg.json` in your project root:
+```json
+{
+  "name": "my-project",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "dependencies": []
+}
+```
+
+2. Wire into CMakeLists.txt:
+```cmake
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.21)
+project(my-project)
+
+find_package(fmt CONFIG REQUIRED)
+target_link_libraries(my-app PRIVATE fmt::fmt)
+```
+
+3. Configure with vcpkg toolchain:
+```
+cmake -B build -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=<vcpkg-root>/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake
+```
+
+### Adding vcpkg to an Existing Visual Studio Solution
+
+1. Run `vcpkg integrate install` (one-time, system-wide)
+2. Create `vcpkg.json` in the solution directory
+3. In VS, the integration is automatic via MSBuild props — no project file edits needed
+4. Or per-project: add to `.vcxproj`:
+```xml
+<Import Project="<vcpkg-root>\scripts\buildsystems\msbuild\vcpkg.props" />
+<Import Project="<vcpkg-root>\scripts\buildsystems\msbuild\vcpkg.targets" />
+```
+
+### Classic-to-Manifest Migration
+
+1. List what's currently installed: `vcpkg list`
+2. Create `vcpkg.json` with those dependencies
+3. Delete global installs: `vcpkg remove --outdated --recurse`
+4. Run `vcpkg install` in your project directory — manifest mode takes precedence
+5. Update your build system to use `CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE` if not already
+
+---
+
+## Installing Dependencies
+
+### Installing with Features (e.g., curl with SSL + HTTP2)
+
+In **manifest mode** (`vcpkg.json`), specify features in the dependencies array:
+```json
+{
+  "dependencies": [
+    {
+      "name": "curl",
+      "features": ["ssl", "http2"]
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+In **classic mode**, use bracket syntax on the command line:
+```
+vcpkg install curl[ssl,http2]
+```
+
+To discover available features for any port:
+```
+vcpkg search curl
+```
+Or check the port's `vcpkg.json` in the registry: `ports/curl/vcpkg.json` → look at the `"features"` object.
+
+### Installing for a Specific Triplet
+
+```
+vcpkg install zlib:x64-linux
+vcpkg install zlib:x64-windows
+vcpkg install zlib:arm64-windows
+```
+
+In manifest mode, set the triplet via CMake:
+```
+cmake -B build -DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=x64-linux -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=[vcpkg root]/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake
+```
+
+Or set the environment variable:
+```
+set VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET=x64-linux
+```
+
+### Bulk-Adding Multiple Dependencies
+
+In `vcpkg.json`, list them in the dependencies array:
+```json
+{
+  "dependencies": ["catch2", "cxxopts", "toml11"]
+}
+```
+
+In classic mode:
+```
+vcpkg install catch2 cxxopts toml11
+```
+
+Then run `vcpkg install` (manifest mode) or the above command to install all at once.
+
+### Dev-Only Dependencies
+
+Use the `"host"` field or place test dependencies under a feature:
+```json
+{
+  "dependencies": [
+    "fmt",
+    "spdlog"
+  ],
+  "features": {
+    "tests": {
+      "description": "Build tests",
+      "dependencies": ["gtest"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Activate with: `vcpkg install --x-feature=tests` or in CMake: `-DVCPKG_MANIFEST_FEATURES=tests`
+
+---
+
+## Version Management
+
+### Pinning a Specific Version
+
+In `vcpkg.json`, use `"version>="` with overrides:
+```json
+{
+  "dependencies": ["fmt"],
+  "overrides": [
+    {
+      "name": "fmt",
+      "version": "10.2.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "builtin-baseline": "<commit-sha>"
+}
+```
+
+The `builtin-baseline` is **required** when using versioning. Get the latest baseline:
+```
+git -C <vcpkg-root> rev-parse HEAD
+```
+
+### Version Overrides
+
+To force a specific version of a transitive dependency across your entire project, use `"overrides"` in `vcpkg.json`:
+```json
+{
+  "dependencies": ["protobuf", "grpc"],
+  "overrides": [
+    {
+      "name": "zlib",
+      "version": "1.3.1"
+    }
+  ],
+  "builtin-baseline": "<commit-sha>"
+}
+```
+
+**Key points:**
+- `overrides` takes precedence over all version constraints, including transitive ones
+- You **must** have a `builtin-baseline` set for overrides to work
+- The version must exist in the vcpkg registry at or after the baseline commit
+- Use `vcpkg x-history zlib` to see available versions
+
+### Updating the Baseline
+
+The baseline is a Git commit SHA in the vcpkg repository that pins all port versions:
+```json
+{
+  "builtin-baseline": "a1b2c3d4e5f6..."
+}
+```
+
+To update to the latest:
+```bash
+cd <vcpkg-root>
+git pull
+git rev-parse HEAD
+```
+Then paste the new SHA into `builtin-baseline`.
+
+**Important:** Updating the baseline may change versions of *all* dependencies. Use `overrides` to pin specific packages if needed.
+
+---
+
+## Cross-Platform
+
+### Cross-Compiling for arm64
+
+```
+vcpkg install <packages>:arm64-linux
+```
+
+Or set the triplet in CMake:
+```
+cmake -B build -DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=arm64-linux -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_ROOT/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake
+```
+
+You may need a cross-compilation toolchain installed (e.g., `aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc`).
+
+For **arm64-windows**, just use the triplet directly — no cross-compiler needed on ARM64 Windows or with MSVC:
+```
+vcpkg install <packages>:arm64-windows
+```
+
+### Building for Android (NDK)
+
+1. Set environment variables:
+```bash
+export ANDROID_NDK_HOME=/path/to/ndk
+export VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET=arm64-android
+```
+
+2. Install packages:
+```
+vcpkg install <packages>:arm64-android
+```
+
+Available Android triplets: `arm-neon-android`, `arm64-android`, `x86-android`, `x64-android`
+
+3. In CMake:
+```
+cmake -B build \
+  -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_ROOT/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake \
+  -DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=arm64-android \
+  -DVCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$ANDROID_NDK_HOME/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
+  -DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a \
+  -DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-24
+```
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+# vcpkg: CI/CD & DevOps
+
+Reference for the `vcpkg` skill. Use this when a user asks about using vcpkg in CI/CD pipelines, configuring binary caching, setting up devcontainers, generating SBOMs, or automating dependency updates (GitHub Actions, Azure DevOps, binary cache configuration, CI optimization).
+
+## Binary Caching
+
+Configure binary caching to avoid rebuilding packages:
+
+**Azure Blob Storage:**
+```
+set VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES=clear;x-azblob,https://myaccount.blob.core.windows.net/vcpkg-cache,<sas-token>,readwrite
+```
+
+**GitHub Packages (NuGet):**
+```
+set VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES=clear;nuget,https://nuget.pkg.github.com/your-org/index.json,readwrite
+```
+
+**Local filesystem:**
+```
+set VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES=clear;files,C:/vcpkg-cache,readwrite
+```
+
+**Sharing between CI and local dev:** Use the same remote cache (Azure Blob or NuGet feed) in both environments. CI writes (`readwrite`), developers read (`read`):
+```
+# CI (writes cache)
+set VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES=clear;x-azblob,https://myaccount.blob.core.windows.net/cache,<sas>,readwrite
+
+# Developer (reads cache)
+set VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES=clear;x-azblob,https://myaccount.blob.core.windows.net/cache,<sas>,read
+```
+
+---
+
+## Generating an SBOM (Software Bill of Materials)
+
+vcpkg can generate an SBOM in SPDX format:
+```
+vcpkg install --x-write-nuget-packages-config=packages.config
+```
+
+For manifest mode, after install check `vcpkg_installed/<triplet>/share/` for SPDX files. Each installed port generates an SPDX JSON document at:
+```
+vcpkg_installed/<triplet>/share/<port>/sbom.spdx.json
+```
+
+To aggregate: use `vcpkg x-package-info --x-installed` to list all packages and versions, then feed into your SBOM toolchain (e.g., Microsoft SBOM Tool, CycloneDX).
+
+---
+
+## Automating Dependency Updates
+
+Option 1: **Dependabot** (GitHub) — configure `.github/dependabot.yml`:
+```yaml
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "vcpkg"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+```
+
+Option 2: **Script-based** — create a scheduled CI job that:
+1. Updates the vcpkg clone (`git pull`)
+2. Gets the new baseline (`git rev-parse HEAD`)
+3. Updates `builtin-baseline` in `vcpkg.json`
+4. Runs `vcpkg install` to verify
+5. Opens a PR with the changes
+
+---
+
+## Multi-Triplet CI Testing
+
+Test across multiple triplets in a CI matrix:
+```yaml
+# GitHub Actions example
+strategy:
+  matrix:
+    triplet: [x64-windows, x64-linux, x64-osx]
+    include:
+      - triplet: x64-windows
+        os: windows-latest
+      - triplet: x64-linux
+        os: ubuntu-latest
+      - triplet: x64-osx
+        os: macos-latest
+
+steps:
+  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  - name: Install vcpkg
+    run: |
+      git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg
+      ./vcpkg/bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
+  - name: Install dependencies
+    run: vcpkg install --triplet ${{ matrix.triplet }}
+```
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+# vcpkg: Custom Registries & Overlay Ports
+
+Reference for the `vcpkg` skill. Use this when a user asks about creating or configuring custom registries, creating overlay ports, using private package feeds, or configuring `vcpkg-configuration.json` registries.
+
+## Private / Custom Registry Install
+
+1. Create `vcpkg-configuration.json` alongside your `vcpkg.json`:
+```json
+{
+  "registries": [
+    {
+      "kind": "git",
+      "repository": "https://github.com/your-org/vcpkg-registry",
+      "baseline": "<commit-sha>",
+      "packages": ["company-utils", "internal-lib"]
+    }
+  ],
+  "default-registry": {
+    "kind": "builtin",
+    "baseline": "<commit-sha>"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+2. Then add the dependency normally in `vcpkg.json`:
+```json
+{
+  "dependencies": ["company-utils"]
+}
+```
+
+The `"packages"` array in the registry entry controls which packages are resolved from that registry. Packages not listed fall through to `default-registry`.
+
+---
+
+## Configuring Registries in `vcpkg-configuration.json`
+
+```json
+{
+  "default-registry": {
+    "kind": "builtin",
+    "baseline": "<vcpkg-commit-sha>"
+  },
+  "registries": [
+    {
+      "kind": "git",
+      "repository": "https://github.com/your-org/vcpkg-registry.git",
+      "baseline": "<registry-commit-sha>",
+      "packages": ["your-package-1", "your-package-2"]
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Place this file next to `vcpkg.json` in your project root.
+
+---
+
+## Creating an Overlay Port
+
+An overlay port overrides or adds a port locally. Directory structure:
+```
+my-overlays/
+  telemetry-sdk/
+    portfile.cmake
+    vcpkg.json
+```
+
+**`vcpkg.json`** (port metadata):
+```json
+{
+  "name": "telemetry-sdk",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "Internal telemetry SDK",
+  "dependencies": ["curl", "nlohmann-json"]
+}
+```
+
+**`portfile.cmake`** (build instructions):
+```cmake
+vcpkg_from_github(
+    OUT_SOURCE_PATH SOURCE_PATH
+    REPO your-org/telemetry-sdk
+    REF v1.0.0
+    SHA512 <hash>
+)
+
+vcpkg_cmake_configure(SOURCE_PATH "${SOURCE_PATH}")
+vcpkg_cmake_install()
+vcpkg_cmake_config_fixup()
+
+file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${CURRENT_PACKAGES_DIR}/debug/include")
+vcpkg_install_copyright(FILE_LIST "${SOURCE_PATH}/LICENSE")
+```
+
+Use it: `vcpkg install telemetry-sdk --overlay-ports=./my-overlays`
+Or in `vcpkg-configuration.json`:
+```json
+{
+  "overlay-ports": ["./my-overlays"]
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Default Features
+
+Set default features in `vcpkg.json` for a port so they're always enabled:
+```json
+{
+  "dependencies": [
+    {
+      "name": "curl",
+      "default-features": true,
+      "features": ["ssl", "http2"]
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+To **disable** default features: `"default-features": false`
+
+In a portfile's `vcpkg.json`, default features are listed under:
+```json
+{
+  "name": "curl",
+  "default-features": ["ssl", "http2"],
+  "features": {
+    "ssl": { "description": "SSL/TLS support" },
+    "http2": { "description": "HTTP/2 support" }
+  }
+}
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# vcpkg: Troubleshooting & Dependency Lifecycle
+
+Reference for the `vcpkg` skill. Use this when a user encounters vcpkg build failures, package-not-found errors, needs to read build logs, or manages the dependency lifecycle (removing, changing features, replacing libraries, cleaning the cache).
+
+## Reading vcpkg Build Logs
+
+Build logs are stored at:
+```
+<vcpkg-root>/buildtrees/<port-name>/
+```
+
+Key log files:
+- `config-<triplet>-out.log` — CMake configure output
+- `build-<triplet>-out.log` — Build (compile) output
+- `install-<triplet>-out.log` — Install step output
+- `config-<triplet>-err.log` — CMake configure errors
+- `build-<triplet>-err.log` — Build errors
+- `package-<triplet>-out.log` — Packaging output
+
+When a build fails, vcpkg prints the path to the relevant log. Start with the `-err.log` file for the failing step.
+
+---
+
+## Resolving package-not-found After Install
+
+If CMake says `Could not find a package configuration file provided by "X"`:
+
+1. **Check toolchain file** — ensure `-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=<vcpkg-root>/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake` is set
+2. **Check triplet match** — the installed triplet must match your build architecture
+3. **Check package name** — vcpkg port names may differ from CMake package names (e.g., port `nlohmann-json` → `find_package(nlohmann_json)`)
+4. **Check installed list** — run `vcpkg list` to confirm the package is actually installed
+5. **Clear CMake cache** — delete `CMakeCache.txt` and reconfigure
+
+---
+
+## Dependency Lifecycle
+
+### Removing a Library
+
+1. Remove it from `vcpkg.json` → `"dependencies"` array
+2. Run `vcpkg install` to reconcile (manifest mode auto-removes unused packages)
+
+In classic mode:
+```
+vcpkg remove boost-regex
+vcpkg remove boost-regex --recurse  # also removes dependents
+```
+
+### Changing Features on an Installed Library
+
+Update the features in `vcpkg.json`:
+```json
+{
+  "dependencies": [
+    {
+      "name": "curl",
+      "features": ["ssl", "ssh"]
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Then run `vcpkg install` — vcpkg will detect the feature change and rebuild.
+
+In classic mode:
+```
+vcpkg install curl[ssl,ssh]   # reinstalls with new features
+```
+
+### Replacing One Library with Another
+
+1. Remove the old library from `vcpkg.json`
+2. Add the new library to `vcpkg.json`
+3. Run `vcpkg install` to reconcile
+4. Update your source code: change `#include` directives, `find_package()` calls, and `target_link_libraries()` in CMakeLists.txt
+
+### Cleaning the vcpkg Cache
+
+```bash
+# Remove build trees (intermediate build files)
+rm -rf <vcpkg-root>/buildtrees
+
+# Remove downloaded archives
+rm -rf <vcpkg-root>/downloads
+
+# Remove installed packages (classic mode only)
+rm -rf <vcpkg-root>/installed
+
+# Remove all package build artifacts
+vcpkg x-clean
+
+# In manifest mode, remove the local vcpkg_installed directory
+rm -rf vcpkg_installed/
+```