awesome-copilot/skills/spring-boot-testing/references/assertj-collections.md

AssertJ Collections

AssertJ assertions for collections: List, Set, Map, arrays, and streams.

When to Use This Reference

• The value under test is a List, Set, Map, array, or Stream
• You need to assert on multiple elements, their order, or specific fields within them
• You are using extracting(), filteredOn(), containsExactly(), or similar collection methods
• Asserting a single scalar or single object → use assertj-basics.md instead

Basic Collection Checks

List<Order> orders = orderService.findAll();

assertThat(orders).isNotEmpty();
assertThat(orders).isEmpty();
assertThat(orders).hasSize(3);
assertThat(orders).hasSizeGreaterThan(0);
assertThat(orders).hasSizeLessThanOrEqualTo(10);

Containment Assertions

// Contains (any order, allows extras)
assertThat(orders).contains(order1, order2);

// Contains exactly these elements in this order (no extras)
assertThat(statuses).containsExactly("NEW", "PENDING", "COMPLETED");

// Contains exactly these elements in any order (no extras)
assertThat(statuses).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("COMPLETED", "NEW", "PENDING");

// Contains any of these elements (at least one match required)
assertThat(statuses).containsAnyOf("NEW", "CANCELLED");

// Does not contain
assertThat(statuses).doesNotContain("DELETED");

Extracting Fields

Extract a single field from each element before asserting:

assertThat(orders)
  .extracting(Order::getStatus)
  .containsExactly("NEW", "PENDING", "COMPLETED");

Extract multiple fields as tuples:

assertThat(orders)
  .extracting(Order::getId, Order::getStatus)
  .containsExactly(
    tuple(1L, "NEW"),
    tuple(2L, "PENDING"),
    tuple(3L, "COMPLETED")
  );

Filtering Before Asserting

assertThat(orders)
  .filteredOn(order -> order.getStatus().equals("PENDING"))
  .hasSize(2)
  .extracting(Order::getId)
  .containsExactlyInAnyOrder(1L, 3L);

// Filter by field value
assertThat(orders)
  .filteredOn("status", "PENDING")
  .hasSize(2);

Predicate Checks

assertThat(orders).allMatch(o -> o.getTotal().compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO) > 0);
assertThat(orders).anyMatch(o -> o.getStatus().equals("COMPLETED"));
assertThat(orders).noneMatch(o -> o.getStatus().equals("DELETED"));

// With description for failure messages
assertThat(orders)
  .allSatisfy(o -> assertThat(o.getId()).isPositive());

Per-Element Ordered Assertions

Assert each element in order with individual conditions:

assertThat(orders).satisfiesExactly(
  first  -> assertThat(first.getStatus()).isEqualTo("NEW"),
  second -> assertThat(second.getStatus()).isEqualTo("PENDING"),
  third  -> {
    assertThat(third.getStatus()).isEqualTo("COMPLETED");
    assertThat(third.getTotal()).isGreaterThan(BigDecimal.ZERO);
  }
);

Nested / Flat Collections

// flatExtracting: flatten one level of nested collections
assertThat(orders)
  .flatExtracting(Order::getItems)
  .extracting(OrderItem::getProduct)
  .contains("Laptop", "Mouse");

Recursive Field Comparison

Compare elements by fields instead of object identity:

assertThat(orders)
  .usingRecursiveFieldByFieldElementComparator()
  .containsExactlyInAnyOrder(expectedOrder1, expectedOrder2);

// Ignore specific fields (e.g. generated IDs or timestamps)
assertThat(orders)
  .usingRecursiveFieldByFieldElementComparatorIgnoringFields("id", "createdAt")
  .containsExactly(expectedOrder1, expectedOrder2);

Map Assertions

Map<String, Integer> stockByProduct = inventoryService.getStock();

assertThat(stockByProduct)
  .isNotEmpty()
  .hasSize(3)
  .containsKey("Laptop")
  .doesNotContainKey("Fax Machine")
  .containsEntry("Laptop", 10)
  .containsEntries(entry("Laptop", 10), entry("Mouse", 50));

assertThat(stockByProduct)
  .hasEntrySatisfying("Laptop", qty -> assertThat(qty).isGreaterThan(0));

Array Assertions

String[] roles = user.getRoles();

assertThat(roles).hasSize(2);
assertThat(roles).contains("ADMIN");
assertThat(roles).containsExactlyInAnyOrder("USER", "ADMIN");

Set Assertions

Set<String> tags = product.getTags();

assertThat(tags).contains("electronics", "sale");
assertThat(tags).doesNotContain("expired");
assertThat(tags).hasSizeGreaterThanOrEqualTo(1);

Static Import

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.tuple;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.entry;

Key Points

1. containsExactly vs containsExactlyInAnyOrder — use the former when order matters
2. extracting() before containment checks — avoids implementing equals() on domain objects
3. filteredOn() + extracting() — compose to assert a subset of a collection precisely
4. satisfiesExactly() — use when each element needs different assertions
5. usingRecursiveFieldByFieldElementComparator() — preferred over equals() for DTOs and records